Calibration of sensors

Calibration: Establish the relationship between sensor input and output through experiments.

Calibration curve: The relationship curve (output characteristic curve) between the input and output of the sensor obtained from the experiment.

Calibration method:

Input the known standard value into the sensor to be calibrated, and the sensor obtains the corresponding output quantity. Draw a curve between the output quantity and the input standard quantity to obtain the calibration curve. The calibration method varies depending on the type and usage of the sensor. The static calibration method for load, stress, pressure sensors, etc. is to use a pressure testing machine for calibration; Their more accurate calibration is done using a specialized load calibrator on a pressure testing machine; The calibration of displacement sensors is done using standard gauge blocks or displacement calibrators.

Calibration requirements:

Calibration should be carried out in a state similar to its usage conditions;

Increase the number of repeated calibrations to improve testing accuracy;

Sensors need to be calibrated regularly, usually for a period of one year;

For important tests, the calibration error before and after the test should be within the allowable range.

The calibration of sensors can be divided into two types: static calibration and dynamic calibration.

The so-called static standard refers to the situation where there is no acceleration, vibration, impact (unless these parameters are the measured physical quantities themselves), and the ambient temperature is generally room temperature (20± 5 ℃), relative humidity is not more than 85%, and atmospheric pressure is standard atmospheric pressure. The purpose of static calibration is to determine the sensor. Static indicators mainly include linearity, sensitivity, hysteresis, and repeatability.
The dynamic calibration of sensors mainly involves studying the dynamic response of sensors. However, for parameters related to dynamic response, first-order sensors only have one time constant; Tau Second order sensors have inherent frequencies; Omega; N and damping ratio& Zeta; Two parameters; The purpose of dynamic calibration is to determine the dynamic characteristic parameters of sensors, such as frequency response, time constant, natural frequency, and damping ratio. Sometimes, it is necessary to calibrate lateral sensitivity, temperature response, environmental impact, etc. as needed.
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